Complete heart block in a 5-year-old child with varicella and acute thrombocytopenic purpura.

1 of 2 DESCRIPTION A 5-year-old Caucasian male presented to the Children’s Emergency Department with epistaxis, bleeding from the dental extraction site and a widespread purpuric rash, secondary to acute idiopathic thrombocytopenia. Two days prior to this, he developed a generalised chickenpox rash. While in the department it was noted that his heart rate ranged between 50 and 60 beats per min, he was otherwise haemo-dynamically stable with a normal blood pressure and oxygen saturations in air. He had a short systolic murmur grade 2/6 at the left sternal border. He had no clinical evidence of myocarditis or heart failure. He had extensive generalised petechiae and purpuric rash ( fi gure 1 ) secondary to acute thrombocytopenia presumed to be due to varicella infection. Apparently he was healthy prior to this admission. There was no history of maternal lupus. An ECG was performed which showed complete heart block ( fi gure 2 ). He was admitted to the high dependency unit for close overnight monitoring. The presumed diagnosis was complete heart block secondary to varicella infection. 1 2 The initial investigation showed normal electrolytes, calcium, phosphate, glucose and magnesium levels. The full blood count showed a normal haemoglobin and white cell count. But the platelet count was low that is, 13×10 9 /l. The platelet count normalised within 10 days without any intervention. The antinuclear antibody titres and the autoimmune screen were negative. Maternal autoimmune screen was negative. The echocardiogram showed a structurally normal heart and follow-up 24 h tape showed persistence of complete heart block. Following these investigations a diagnosis of congenital complete heart block was made. On followup after 6 months his heart rate remains between 50 and 60 beats per min, but he remains asymptomatic without any intervention. The need for a pacemaker is being considered on follow-up. The incidental fi nding of complete heart block was congenital in aetiology with no association with varicella infection or acute thrombocytopenia. This case highlights that asymptomatic late-presenting congenital complete heart block must be considered as a differential diagnosis in children presenting with asymptomatic bradycardia to the emergency department. Images in...